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Surveillance of adenoviruses and noroviruses in European recreational waters

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dc.creator Wyn-Jones, A. Peter
dc.creator Carducci, Annalaura
dc.creator Cook, Nigel
dc.creator D'Agostino, Martin
dc.creator Divizia, Maurizio
dc.creator Fleischer, Jens
dc.creator Gantzer, Christophe
dc.creator Gawler, Andrew
dc.creator Gironès Llop, Rosina
dc.creator Höller, Christiane
dc.creator Roda Husman, Ana Maria de
dc.creator Kozyra, Iwona
dc.creator López-Pila, Juan
dc.creator Muscillo, Michele
dc.creator Nascimento, Maria
dc.creator Papageorgiou, George
dc.creator Rutjes, Saskia
dc.creator Sellwood, Jane
dc.creator Wyer, Mark
dc.creator Kay, David
dc.date 2011-04-12T09:57:36Z
dc.date 2011-04-12T09:57:36Z
dc.date 2011
dc.date.accessioned 2024-12-16T10:26:29Z
dc.date.available 2024-12-16T10:26:29Z
dc.identifier 0043-1354
dc.identifier http://hdl.handle.net/2445/17584
dc.identifier 588181
dc.identifier 21093010
dc.identifier.uri http://fima-docencia.ub.edu:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/21170
dc.description Exposure to human pathogenic viruses in recreational waters has been shown to cause disease outbreaks. In the context of Article 14 of the revised European Bathing Waters Directive 2006/7/EC (rBWD, CEU, 2006) a Europe-wide surveillance study was carried out to determine the frequency of occurrence of two human enteric viruses in recreational waters. Adenoviruses were selected based on their near-universal shedding and environmental survival, and noroviruses (NoV) selected as being the most prevalent gastroenteritis agent worldwide. Concentration of marine and freshwater samples was done by adsorption/elution followed by molecular detection by (RT)-PCR. Out of 1410 samples, 553 (39.2%) were positive for one or more of the target viruses. Adenoviruses, detected in 36.4% of samples, were more prevalent than noroviruses (9.4%), with 3.5% GI and 6.2% GII, some samples being positive for both GI and GII. Of 513 human adenovirus-positive samples, 63 (12.3%) were also norovirus-positive, whereas 69 (7.7%) norovirus-positive samples were adenovirus-negative. More freshwater samples than marine water samples were virus-positive. Out of a small selection of samples tested for adenovirus infectivity, approximately one-quarter were positive. Sixty percent of 132 nested-PCR adenovirus-positive samples analysed by quantitative PCR gave a mean value of over 3000 genome copies per L of water. The simultaneous detection of infectious adenovirus and of adenovirus and NoV by (RT)PCR suggests that the presence of infectious viruses in recreational waters may constitute a public health risk upon exposure. These studies support the case for considering adenoviruses as an indicator of bathing water quality.
dc.format 35 p.
dc.format application/pdf
dc.language eng
dc.publisher Elsevier B.V.
dc.relation Versió postprint del document publicat a: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.015
dc.relation Water Research, 2011, vol. 45, núm. 3, p. 1025-1038
dc.relation http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.10.015
dc.relation info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP6/513648/EU//VIROBATHE
dc.rights (c) Elsevier B.V., 2010
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.source Articles publicats en revistes (Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística)
dc.subject Adenovirus
dc.subject Aigua dolça
dc.subject Aigua de mar
dc.subject Qualitat de l'aigua
dc.subject Europa
dc.subject Adenoviruses
dc.subject Fresh water
dc.subject Seawater
dc.subject Water quality
dc.subject Europe
dc.title Surveillance of adenoviruses and noroviruses in European recreational waters
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion


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